Chemical Process

Glycerin is a clear include as organic chemicals, nearly colorless liquid having a sweet taste but no odor. Scheele first prepared glycerin in 1779 by heating a mixture of olive oil and litharge. On washing with water, a sweat solution was obtained, giving, on evaporation of the water, a viscose heavy liquid, which the discover called “the sweet principle of facts.” In 1846 Sobrero produced the explosive nitroglycerin for the first time, and in 1868 Nobel, by absorbing it in keselghr, made it safe to handle as dynamite. These discoveries increased the demand for glycerin. This was in part satisfied by the development in 1870 of a method for recovering glycerin and salt from spent soap lyes. Since about 1948, glycerol has been produced from petrochemical raw materials by synthetic processes. Uses and Economics The production of crude glycerin is approximately 150 kt/year. Synthetic glycerin furnishes about 40 percent of the market. Glycerin is supplied in several grades, including U

On the opening area Carbon Disulfide (CS 2 ) is on the gas form, because CS 2 have boiling point at about 46 o C at atmospheric condition and CS 2 is a flammable. On the plant that use CS 2 as raw chemicals material and then release CS 2 gas should have waste gas treatment to catch this release gas before the flue gas been through away to the environment. There are several type of CS 2 catch process that is used on waste gas treatment plant, and some of them use CS 2 adsorption plant. CS2 adsorption plant recovers CS 2 from the lean gas using vapor phase adsorption onto activated carbon. The CS 2 laden lean gas stream is passing through the activated carbon (AC) bed in the adsorber where CS 2 gas molecules are adsorbed onto the large surface of AC. The adsorption ceases at the equilibrium point at which the AC can not take up any more of CS 2 . CS 2 recovery starts by desorption of CS 2 gas molecules from the AC and followed by the condensation of CS 2 . Thermal energy

The chemical element calcium is a malleable, light, silver while metal, an Alkaline Earth Metal of Group IIA in the periodic table. Its symbol is Ca, its atomic number is 20, and its atomic weight is 40.08. Calcium was first prepared by Sir Humphrey Davy in 1808. following the method of J.J. Berzellus and M.M. Pontin. Davy electrolyzed a mixture of lime, CaO, and mercury to produce an amalgam (a mercury, he obtained a calcite, a form of calcium carbonate (CaCO 3 ). Occurrence In cosmic abundance calcium is 13 th among the elements; on Earth it ranks 5 th and forms 3.2 % of the Earth’s crust, being less prevalent than aluminum (7.3%) or Iron (4.1%). It is not found free in nature but is common as the carbonate rock limestone, CaCO 3. It is also well distributed as the minerals calcium phosphate, silicate, fluoride, and sulfate. As calcium-magnesium carbonate it is one of the principal components of dolomite minerals and is found in pearls, coral, natural chalk, calcite, onyx