Chemical Process

Hydrogen sulfide has a chemical formula as H2S. H2S is a gas that forms naturally in crude oil, natural gas, and water with high sulfur concentrations (sour water). H2S is soluble in water, and may be released out of the water if there is change in the pH, line pressure, and /or temperature. Some of the process areas may generate potentially fatal concentrations of H2S. These sources could be from raw materials, process reactions, or exposure of materials during a fire. Flare systems handle large volumes of H2S. Any process flare or vent equipment entry could expose personnel to deadly concentrations of H2S. Some streams downstream of refineries may also contain potentially fatal concentrations of H2S. (Contact your local facility safety representatives for a list of specific equipment, which may contain H2S) H2S is a flammable substance, incomplete combustion of H2S may cause the formation of Sulfur Dioxide (SO2). SO2 is also very toxic, and precautions should be taken to avo

Dear All, On the bellow story is about the reaction effect that caused by bad our environment. Many industrial waste contain chemical that can’t be proceed by our body, or animal body like shrimp or crab from sea or river. If the chemicals consume by our body or animals body then accumulate on the body and can cause cancer. If scrimp accumulate risk chemicals on their body and then consume by us then we can poisonous or accumulate again in our body. This story is happened in Manado, Indonesia. Woman suddenly die after eat scrimp but don’t because of suicide, all the body sense exert blood, what happened to this woman. After observed, the habit of this woman always consume Vitamin C every day for keeping their body vitality. This habit is no problem for her health, the last time of their life this woman is eat much of scrimps, and this is also not the cause of her dying. She is not consume scrimp alone, other family also eat this scrimp and no problem for others. On the next ob

History: The salt industry is as old as humankind. Salt has long an essential part of the human diet. It has served as an object of worship and as a medium of exchange, lumps of salt being used in Tibet and Mongolia for money. Its distribution was employed as a political weapon by ancient governments, and in Oriental countries high taxes were placed on salt. Salt is a vital basic commodity for life but is also a source of many of the chemical that are now the mainstay of our complex industrial civilization. The world “salary” is derived from the word “salt.” Uses and Economics: Sodium chloride is the basic raw material of a material of a great many chemical compounds, such as sodium hydroxide, sodium sulfate, hydrochloric acid, sodium phosphates and sodium chlorate and chlorite, and it is the source of many other compounds through its derivatives. Practically all the chlorine produced in the world is manufacture by electrolysis of sodium chloride. Salt is used in the regeneration

All living organisms participate in the nitrogen cycle, which encompasses the process and chemical reaction involved in producing organic nitrogen from inorganic nitrogen and subsequently breaking down organic nitrogen back to the inorganic form. Ammonification The cycle begins to form ammonia, NH3: the electrical energy of lightning drives the reaction. Ammonia combines with rain and becomes available to green plants as dilute nitric acid, HNO3. Ammonia is also derived from the breakdown of proteins that constitute plant and animal cells. This chemical , combined with the products of photosynthesis, is used to form amino acids, which are the basic components of plant proteins. Animals eat the plant proteins, break them down into amino acids during the process of digestion, and recombine them to form their own particular forms of protein in order to build tissues and organs of their bodies. Denitrification Certain soil bacteria convert nitrogen containing compounds into ammonia a

The name organic chemistry originated at the beginning of the 19th century, when scientists wishes to differentiate between those substances derived from plant and animal (organic) materials. It was believed that organic substances had special qualities and could be created only in the presence of the “vital force” found in living organisms. Even though the vital force theory was eventually disproved, the classification of chemical substances as organic or inorganic has continued to present. The modern usage of “organic chemistry” refers to the chemistry of compounds containing carbon . These organic substances are generally characterized by chains of connected carbon atoms. Millions of such organic compounds are known. Many of these are “natural products,” or compounds found in nature. The study of the large organic molecules found in living systems and their reactions, which make up the life processes, has come to be called biochemistry. A large number of the known organic chemi

Nuclear fusion is a type of nuclear reaction in which to atomic nuclei combine to form a heavier nucleus, releasing energy. For a fusion reaction to take place, the nuclei, which are positively charged, must have enough kinetic energy to overcome their electrostatic force of repulsion. This can occur either when one nucleus is accelerated to high energies by an accelerating device or when the energies of both nuclei are raised by the application of very high temperatures. The later method, referred to as thermonuclear fusion, is the source of Sun’s energy, if a proton is accelerated and collides with another proton, these nuclei can fuse, forming a deuterium nucleus (one proton and one neutron), a positron, a neutrino, and energy. Such a reaction is not self sustaining, because the released energy is not readily imparted to other nuclei. Thermonuclear fusion of deuterium and tritium (one proton and two neutrons) will produce a helium nucleus and an energetic neutron that can help sust

 An industrial chemical reactor is a complex device in which heat transfer , mass transfer, diffusion, and friction may occur along with chemical reaction, and it must be safe and controllable. In large vessels, questions of mixing of reactants, flow distribution, residence time distribution, and efficient utilization of the surface of porous catalysts also arise. A particular process can be dominated by one of these factors or by several of them; for example, a reactor may on occasion be predominantly a heat exchanger or a mass-transfer device. A successful commercial unit is an economic balance of all these factors. Many successful types of reactors are illustrated throughout this section. Additional sketches may be found in other books on this topic, particularly in Walas (Chemical Process Equipment Selection and Design, Butter worths, 1990) and Ullmann (Encyclopedia of Chemical Technology (in German), vol. 3, Verlag Chemie, 1973, pp. 321–518). The general characteristics of t