Skip to main content

White Pigments

The oldest and formerly most important of the white pigments is white lead, which is so longer permitted as a consistent of most points. Zinc oxide, another white pigment formerly widely used, is now of only minor importance.

The kind of white pigments such as follows:
  • Titanium Dioxide
  • Zinc Oxide
  • Lithophone
  • Zinc sulphide
  • Antimony oxide
Lithophone
Lithophone is a mixed zinc sulphide, barium sulphate pigment that contains about 30% zinc sulphide. The original light sensitiveness has been overcome by raw material purification and by addition of such agents as polythionates and cobalt sulphate. Lithophone is a brilliantly white, extremely fine, cheap, white pigment. It is particularly well adapted to interior coating.

The manufacture of this substance, barium, zinc and lithopone circuits are represented by different types of lines. The barium sulphide solution is prepared by reducing barite are (BaSO4) with carbon and leaching the resulting mass. The equation is:

BaSO4 + 4C ──→ BaS + 4 CO

Scrap zinc or concentrated zinc ores are dissolved in sulphuric acid, and the solution purified. The two solution are reacted, and a heavy mixed precipitate results which is 28 to 30% zinc sulphide and 72% barium sulphate.

ZnSO4 + BaS ──→ ZnS + BaSO4

This precipitate is not suitable for a pigment until it is filtered, dried, crushed, heated to a high temperature, and quenched in cold water. The second heating in a muffle furnace at 725oC produce crystals of the right optical size.

Lithopone are used in water based paints because of their excellent alkali resistance. They are also used as a whitener and reinforcing agent for rubber and as filler and whitener for paper.

Comments

Popular posts from this blog

Basic Chemistry

Chemistry is the physical science that deals with composition, structure and properties of substance and also the transformation that these substance that undergoes. Because the study of chemistry encompasses the entire material universe, it is central to the understanding of other science. Basic chemistry involve in all aspect on live, the incident in around you actually is the basic chemistry process such as the changes of compost from fresh there is any chemical reaction involved there even the process itself is help by microorganism. A basic chemistry theory has been formulated as the result of centuries of observation and measurement of the various elements and compounds. According to this theory, matter is composed of minute particles called atoms. The more than 100 different kinds of atoms that are known are called chemical elements. Atoms of the same elements or of different elements can combine together to form molecules and compounds. The atom are held together by forces,...

Gas Reaction and Solid Reaction

Gas Liquid Reactions When gaseous reactants are absorbed by a liquid, and a chemical reaction takes place , both chemical reaction and mass transfer may control the overall reaction rate. For analysis of this type of system should be consulted. Books by Astarita, Danckwerts, and Sherwood, Pigford, and Wilke should also be helpful. Treatments similar to these references are likewise applicable to the liquid liquid system if chemical reaction is involved in only one of two partially miscible phases and the overall rate is governed by both mass transfer and chemical reaction. Solid State Reactions The solid state reactions refer to decomposition and interaction of solids, and are generally more complex than those of other systems discussed preciously. There have been few systematic analyses of chemical reactions in the solid state. Fairly comprehensive treatments of such reactions are presented in two recent publications by Bamford and Tipper and Schmalzried respectively. Genera...

Viscose Fiber Production Process

Viscose fiber is a base material for textile industry. The first production of this kind product is in Indian than spread over the Europe and United States also in South Asia Country like in Indonesia. Viscose fiber is produced to anticipate the shortage of natural yarn for raw material to produce yarn in textile industries, beside synthetic yarn as replace natural cotton to produce fabric. This one is a simple drawing of viscose fiber production process . Viscose fiber is used to substitute the using of cotton as raw material for textile industry. Beside of cotton availability will not enough to supply market demand in the future, also cotton just available on harvesting season. If people just depend on cotton to produce textile then people will shortage of raw material to produce textile. Using viscose fiber to fulfill of textile industry will not any shortage raw material, beside the price is lower than cotton, viscose fiber also have better quality compare with synthetic fiber fo...