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Gas Reaction and Solid Reaction

Gas Liquid Reactions


When gaseous reactants are absorbed by a liquid, and a chemical reaction takes place, both chemical reaction and mass transfer may control the overall reaction rate. For analysis of this type of system should be consulted. Books by Astarita, Danckwerts, and Sherwood, Pigford, and Wilke should also be helpful. Treatments similar to these references are likewise applicable to the liquid liquid system if chemical reaction is involved in only one of two partially miscible phases and the overall rate is governed by both mass transfer and chemical reaction.

Solid State Reactions

The solid state reactions refer to decomposition and interaction of solids, and are generally more complex than those of other systems discussed preciously. There have been few systematic analyses of chemical reactions in the solid state. Fairly comprehensive treatments of such reactions are presented in two recent publications by Bamford and Tipper and Schmalzried respectively.

General Characteristics

Nature of atomic bonding, crystalline structure and crystal lattice imperfections are among the important factors that influence the reactivity of solids. The imperfections include, for example, point defects, nonstoichiometry, impurity inclusions, dislocations, edge, etc, all of which may lead to a reduction of lattice stabilizing forces, which in turn would tend to increase the reactivity of solids. Detailed discussion on the subject of chemistry and physics of the solid state is beyond the scope of this discussion and should be referred to other sources.

On the basis of various experimental evidence, the generally accepted kinetic principles for the interpretation of solid state reaction data are:

  1. The rate of solid state reaction is proportional to the total effective area of the reactant product interface.
  2. Under isothermal condition, the rate of interface advance through an isotropic solid reactant is constant.
  3. The temperature effect on the rate constant of most solid state reactions may be described by the Arrhenius equation.
  4. The overall rate of solid state reaction may be controlled by the diffusion rates of reactants through the product layers, which may functions as a barrier between the reactant.
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