Skip to main content

Gas Reaction and Solid Reaction

Gas Liquid Reactions


When gaseous reactants are absorbed by a liquid, and a chemical reaction takes place, both chemical reaction and mass transfer may control the overall reaction rate. For analysis of this type of system should be consulted. Books by Astarita, Danckwerts, and Sherwood, Pigford, and Wilke should also be helpful. Treatments similar to these references are likewise applicable to the liquid liquid system if chemical reaction is involved in only one of two partially miscible phases and the overall rate is governed by both mass transfer and chemical reaction.

Solid State Reactions

The solid state reactions refer to decomposition and interaction of solids, and are generally more complex than those of other systems discussed preciously. There have been few systematic analyses of chemical reactions in the solid state. Fairly comprehensive treatments of such reactions are presented in two recent publications by Bamford and Tipper and Schmalzried respectively.

General Characteristics

Nature of atomic bonding, crystalline structure and crystal lattice imperfections are among the important factors that influence the reactivity of solids. The imperfections include, for example, point defects, nonstoichiometry, impurity inclusions, dislocations, edge, etc, all of which may lead to a reduction of lattice stabilizing forces, which in turn would tend to increase the reactivity of solids. Detailed discussion on the subject of chemistry and physics of the solid state is beyond the scope of this discussion and should be referred to other sources.

On the basis of various experimental evidence, the generally accepted kinetic principles for the interpretation of solid state reaction data are:

  1. The rate of solid state reaction is proportional to the total effective area of the reactant product interface.
  2. Under isothermal condition, the rate of interface advance through an isotropic solid reactant is constant.
  3. The temperature effect on the rate constant of most solid state reactions may be described by the Arrhenius equation.
  4. The overall rate of solid state reaction may be controlled by the diffusion rates of reactants through the product layers, which may functions as a barrier between the reactant.
Other articles:
Labels:

Comments

Post a Comment

Popular posts from this blog

Sodium Sulfite and Sodium Hydrosulfite

Sodium Sulfite Sodium sulfite is a compound that is very easily oxidized. For this reason, it is employed in many cases where a gentle reducing agent is desired, e.g. to bleach wool and silk, as an antichlor after the bleaching of yarns, textile and paper, as a preservative for foodstuffs, and to prevent raw sugar solution from colouring upon evaporation. It is very widely used in the preparation of photographic developer to prevent from oxidation from hydroquinone and other agents. It has a small application in the field of medicine as an antiseptic and as an antizymotic for internal use. About 60% of the total merchant market is in the paper Industries. While merchant capacity is about 145,000 t/year, the paper mills have twice capacity to captive use. The demand for boiler feed water treatment is about 15%. It is use to remove oxygen from water and thus help to prevent corrosion and scale formation. These were four major production in 1891, one of which provided 50% percent of the...
4 comments
Read more

Viscose Fiber Production Process

Viscose fiber is a base material for textile industry. The first production of this kind product is in Indian than spread over the Europe and United States also in South Asia Country like in Indonesia. Viscose fiber is produced to anticipate the shortage of natural yarn for raw material to produce yarn in textile industries, beside synthetic yarn as replace natural cotton to produce fabric. This one is a simple drawing of viscose fiber production process . Viscose fiber is used to substitute the using of cotton as raw material for textile industry. Beside of cotton availability will not enough to supply market demand in the future, also cotton just available on harvesting season. If people just depend on cotton to produce textile then people will shortage of raw material to produce textile. Using viscose fiber to fulfill of textile industry will not any shortage raw material, beside the price is lower than cotton, viscose fiber also have better quality compare with synthetic fiber fo...
6 comments
Read more

Sulfur

Sulfur or sulphur is a naturally occurring, yellow, water insoluble solid element. Its chemical symbol is S , its atomic number is 16 and its atomic weight is 32.064 sulfur is nonmetal and a member of the oxygen family of elements, which constitutes Group VIA of the periodic table. The discovery of sulfur predates recorded history, and the element has been used since ancient times. The early medical books of Dioscorides of Greece and Pliny the Elder mention sulfur, and fumes from burning sulfur were used in religious ceremonies and for fumigation. Alchemists recognized sulfur as a mineral substance that can be melted and burned. It was first classified as an element by Antonie Lavoisier in 1777. Sulfur Occurrence On earth, sulfur is widely distributed in its elemental state as a secondary mineral or as a volcanic deposit, as well as in combination with a number of metals. Large sedimentary deposits of the almost pure element, mainly of Tertiary age, are found in the coastal r...
2 comments
Read more