Chemical Process

Acetylene or ethane, have formula C 2 H 2 , is a colorless and flammable gas. It sublimes at – 84 o C at normal pressure. Most acetylene is manufactured by the reaction of water with calcium carbide, the reaction as follows: CaC 2 + 2H 2 O >>>>> Ca (OH) 2 + C 2 H 2 This reaction also occurs in carbide lamps, where a steady gas flow in obtained from water dripping on a carbide tablet. Acetylene have triple bond on the structure formula: CH = CH. Because of this triple bond, acetylene easily undergoes addition reactions. Vinyl chloride is manufactured from acetylene by the addition of hydrogen chloride: CH == CH + HCl >>>>> CH 2 == CHCl Similar additions with acetic acid, CH3COOH, and with hydrogen cyanide, HCN, yield vinyl acetate. CH3COOH == CH 2 and acrylonitrile CH 2 == CHCN. Both compounds are important in the production of artificial fibers and plastics. Acetylene gas is used in metal cutting and welding because of its high combus

Acetone have formula CH 3 COCH 3 or in science called as 2-propanone or dimethylketone. Acetone commonly use in a fragrant as a solution, colorless and flammable liquid that boils at 56.2 o C and solidifies at – 34.8 o C. A compound with solvent properties no color and with specific odor, that can make we fill dizzy if inhaled. Aceton is obtained by fermentation of produced synthetically. It is a by product when produce aceto acetic acid. In industry, acetone is an important solvent for cellulose nitrate and cellulose acetate and is also used in the production of explosives material. Small amounts of acetone are present in blood and urine, but some diabetic patients show larger than normal people. Diabetic evacuate this excess in urine (acetonuria) and through their lungs, in metabolic acidosis, pregnancy toxemia and acetonemia of numinants. Aceton can poisoning in companion animals causes narcosis, gastritis, renal and hepatic damage. Acetone is very useful in laboratory f

Acetic acid have formula CH3COOH is known as acid that use in household as additive agent in cooking recipe and more common says with vinegar. Acetic acid is a weak organic acid and the sour constituent of Vinegar. In industry, acetic acid is produced by the destructive distillation of wood and by the catalytic oxidation of formaldehyde. The pure acid is called glacial acetic acid and is a corrosive, colorless liquid with a pungent smell. It solidity at 16.63 o C. Acetic acid reacts with alcohol to form acetates that are widely used as solvents. Acetic acid also react with cellulose to form cellulose acetate, which is the starting material for rayon industry and other artificial fibers and for photographic film. Vinegar in the market can be vary, there are vinegar for sour agent in cooking and also vinegar for fruit ice such as apple vinegar. Vinegar often used as seasoning on food like meat ball and other cooking. apple vinegar white vinegar Other chemicals: Chromi

Chemical Hazard Symbol is regulate by government and International standard to indicate the content of any container that transport that material. The regulation of chemical hazard symbol in Indonesia is made by Ministry of Environment and become update if any changes. Some of symbol of chemical hazard is shown on the picture below. Basic Shape, Size, Materials: The length of the lines making the points should be 1/3 of the height of the diamond and the width of the base should be 1/2 the length of the diamond side. Explosives, Hazardous and Toxic Chemicals Flammable Chemicals: There are two kind of these symbol type, Flammable liquid and Flammable Solid. Symbol of Reactive Hazardous Chemicals: Symbol for Toxic Waste: This is symbol that using International standard, every symbol in the plant should follow the regulation of the above size and dimension already stated by regulation. There are small symbol and big symbol of each chemical characteristic alre

MSDS (Material Safety Data Sheet) Chromic Acid Product Form :    substance Substance name: Chromic Acid Formula:             CrO 3 Synonyms:          chromia / chromium (IV) oxide / chromic trioxide / chromium andydride / chromium oxide, color red / monochromium oxide / red oxide of chromium Application:        use of the substance / mixture as oxidant and as reagent Chemicals Hazards: May cause fire or explosion, strong oxidizer Toxic if swallowed or in contact with skin Causes severe an skin burn and eye damage May cause an allergic skin reaction Fatal if inhaled May cause allergy or asthma symptoms or breathing difficulties if inhaled May cause cancer (inhalation) Suspected of damaging fertility or unborn child Can causes damage to organs (kidneys, liver, respiratory system, skin, eye) through prolonged or repeated exposure Very toxic to aquatic life with long lasting effects Safety Precaution: Obtain special instructions before use Do not hand until all safet