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Radiation and Radioactive

The form radiation refer both to the transmission of energy in the form of wave, and to the transmission of streams of atomic particles through space. Any energy that transmitted in the form of waves is some kind of electromagnetic radiation. Each kind is distinguished by its wavelength, or frequency. All kind of electromagnetic radiation obey the same physical laws, they all travel at the speed of light, and when they fall on a surface they exert a pressure proportional to the net flux of energy divided by the speed of light. Roughly in the order of decreasing are radio waves, radiant heat energy and microwaves, infrared radiation, light, ultraviolet radiation, X ray, and games rays.

Many form of particulate radiation are possible, in the phenomenon of radioactivity, alpha radiation (helium nuclei) and beta radiation (electrons) are observed, along with gamma rays. Very energetic particles from outer space are called cosmic rays. Any particulate or electromagnetic radiation that can dissociate or electromagnetic radiation can produce harmful effects in organisms and it is of concern in matters dealing with nuclear. It is also widely used in medicine, however, for both diagnosis and therapy, as well as being widely employed in scientific research.

Radiation Injury
When living tissue is irradiated, the tissue's molecular structure is disrupted, triggering a chain of events that can destroy living cells or produce chromosomal damage or other injury. The biological effects on the human body of large amounts of radiation are well known, due in large part to studies of the 76,000 survivors of the atomic bombings in Japan who have been closely monitored for more than 40 years.The possible deleterious effects of low-level radiation are still unclear, but a variety of studies suggest that low level radiation exposure may be more dangerous than previously thought. Furthermore, recent studies have shown a statistically significant link between cancer appliances and power lines, although no causal relationship has yet been found.

Types of Radiation Exposure
Some radiation comes from natural sources, such as cosmic and solar rays and the decay of radium (which produce radon). Sources of human made radiation include medical X rays, nuclear waste from nuclear reactors and weapons plants, nuclear power plant accidents, and fallout from nuclear explosions.

The amount of radiation absorbed per gram of body tissue is expressed in Rad (radiation absorbed dose). The unit of measurement used to describe the expected biological effects from radiation exposure in human soft tissue of 300 rem delivered to the whole body is lethal 50 percent of the time. Radiation injury is probable at dose of rem or more.

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