Chemical Process

One way to remove iron rust is by electrochemical process. The iron or metal that will be rusted is given a negative charge and the other electrode means that it is positively charged, so the rust will be released from the metal because negative ions will come out of the metal and go to the positive electrode. If the process is continued, the iron may become shiny, not because it is coated in therapy because the surface is partly faded. This is because the iron functions as a negative electrode, where the ions on the surface of the iron will decay and dissolve into the chemical solution. To give an idea of this process, see the following video:

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Gas Liquid Reactions When gaseous reactants are absorbed by a liquid, and a chemical reaction takes place , both chemical reaction and mass transfer may control the overall reaction rate. For analysis of this type of system should be consulted. Books by Astarita, Danckwerts, and Sherwood, Pigford, and Wilke should also be helpful. Treatments similar to these references are likewise applicable to the liquid liquid system if chemical reaction is involved in only one of two partially miscible phases and the overall rate is governed by both mass transfer and chemical reaction. Solid State Reactions The solid state reactions refer to decomposition and interaction of solids, and are generally more complex than those of other systems discussed preciously. There have been few systematic analyses of chemical reactions in the solid state. Fairly comprehensive treatments of such reactions are presented in two recent publications by Bamford and Tipper and Schmalzried respectively. Genera...

Oxalic acid is an organic compound is a colorless solid crystalline that dilute in water and make a colorless solution. Oxalic acid have chemical formula C 2 H 2 O 4 is classified as simple dicarboxylic acid, the strong of this acid is greater than acetic acid or vinegar. Oxalic acid often found in many plants and vegetables, also produce in the body by metabolism of glyoxylic acid or ascorbic acid. This acid is not metabolized by our body but excreted through urine. Too much oxalic acid in our body can react with calcium become calcium oxalc stone, can make problem for kidney. Plant that contain of high oxalic acid like in Asparagus. Oxalic Acid Oxalic acid many uses in anodizing aluminum to make black anodized color, use in anodizing oxalic bath for anodizing process. Oxalic acid also use as bleaching agent for both wood and stone. When exposed to the elements, can turn gray. When oxalic acid applied to old and graying wood floor, it brings wood floor to natural white colo...

Hydrochloric acid is a water solution of hydrogen chloride, HCl, are irritating, pungent gas that is extremely water soluble; water solution is generally written with the same formula as the gas. In nature the acid is found in the discharge from volcanoes and, in a concentration of about 0.25% in the gastric juice secreted by the human stomach. It can be made in the laboratory by the action of concentrated sulfuric acid on sodium chloride or by the burning of chlorine in an atmosphere of hydrogen. In either case the hydrogen chloride produced must be dissolved in water to produce the acid solution. Nearly 90% of all commercially produced hydrochloric acid is a by product of the chlorination of organic compounds, such as: CH 4   +  Cl 2   ➠ CH 3 CL   + HCl About 5% is produced by the combustion of chlorine in hydrogen; a similar quantity is produced by the reaction of concentrated sulfuric acid on sodium chloride . Hydrochloric acid is principally used in th...

From soda we can generate many compounds, beside sodium carbonate , sodium sulfite and sodium hydrosulfite , sodium sulfide , sodium thiosulfate and also sodium hydroxide. Sodium have industrial uses that required millions of tons annually. Perhaps the most important of these compounds is sodium chloride (NaCl), from which million of metric tons of sodium hydroxide are made annually. Sodium hydroxide also called caustic soda, is essential to the production of soap , detergent, cleaning compounds, dyes, cosmetics, and pharmaceuticals. It is also necessary in the manufacture of rayon , cellophane, phenol, naphtol, recorcinol, and oxalic acid. Such industrial process as boiler water softening, food processing, engraving, printing, pulp and paper production, petroleum refining, metallurgy and house hold bleaching agent that preparation is depend on it. Sodium hydroxide can be form from reaction of sodium with water, but as industrial process this substance usually produce from electro...

Soda is the collective name for several forms of sodium carbonate, have weigh of molecule 106. The most commercially important form is the dehydrated product soda ash (Na 2 CO 3 ). The decahydrate (Na 2 CO 3 .10 H 2 O) is also known as washing soda or sal soda. Soda ash is so called because it was once extracted from plant ashes; now almost all is manufactured by the Solvay or ammonia soda process. The primary users of soda are the glass and chemical industries. Sodium carbonate occurs in nature in combination with the bicarbonate as trona and is recovered from evaporated lakes in California. Baking soda (sodium bicarbonate, NaHCO 3 ) is used as an effervescent agent in foods, cake soda and as a cleanser. Sodium carbonate have many applied use in Soap making . In commercial sodium carbonate is mining product. Some production of sodium bicarbonate also as a side product so if this chemicals is produce deliberately will unable to compete the price. Baking soda may just modified from...

Physical Chemistry deals with the structure of matter and the energy changes that occur during physical and chemical changes of matter. This field provides a theoretical basis for the chemical observations of the other subdivision of other subdivisions. Analytical chemistry is concerned with the identification of chemical substances, the determination of the amounts of substances present in a mixture, and the separation of mixture onto their individual components. Special subdivisions of chemistry are now recognized the account for knowledge at the interface of chemistry and other physical sciences. For example, recent research has involved the chemical origin of life, reactions between simple molecules at low pressures to form such complex organic molecules as proteins found in living organisms. Astrochemistry is the interdisciplinary physical science that studies the origin and interaction of the chemical constituents, especially interstellar matter, in the universe, Geochemistr...

Chemistry is the physical science that deals with composition, structure and properties of substance and also the transformation that these substance that undergoes. Because the study of chemistry encompasses the entire material universe, it is central to the understanding of other science. Basic chemistry involve in all aspect on live, the incident in around you actually is the basic chemistry process such as the changes of compost from fresh there is any chemical reaction involved there even the process itself is help by microorganism. A basic chemistry theory has been formulated as the result of centuries of observation and measurement of the various elements and compounds. According to this theory, matter is composed of minute particles called atoms. The more than 100 different kinds of atoms that are known are called chemical elements. Atoms of the same elements or of different elements can combine together to form molecules and compounds. The atom are held together by forces,...

Sulfur or sulphur is a naturally occurring, yellow, water insoluble solid element. Its chemical symbol is S , its atomic number is 16 and its atomic weight is 32.064 sulfur is nonmetal and a member of the oxygen family of elements, which constitutes Group VIA of the periodic table. The discovery of sulfur predates recorded history, and the element has been used since ancient times. The early medical books of Dioscorides of Greece and Pliny the Elder mention sulfur, and fumes from burning sulfur were used in religious ceremonies and for fumigation. Alchemists recognized sulfur as a mineral substance that can be melted and burned. It was first classified as an element by Antonie Lavoisier in 1777. Sulfur Occurrence On earth, sulfur is widely distributed in its elemental state as a secondary mineral or as a volcanic deposit, as well as in combination with a number of metals. Large sedimentary deposits of the almost pure element, mainly of Tertiary age, are found in the coastal r...

Acetylene or ethane, have formula C 2 H 2 , is a colorless and flammable gas. It sublimes at – 84 o C at normal pressure. Most acetylene is manufactured by the reaction of water with calcium carbide, the reaction as follows: CaC 2 + 2H 2 O >>>>> Ca (OH) 2 + C 2 H 2 This reaction also occurs in carbide lamps, where a steady gas flow in obtained from water dripping on a carbide tablet. Acetylene have triple bond on the structure formula: CH = CH. Because of this triple bond, acetylene easily undergoes addition reactions. Vinyl chloride is manufactured from acetylene by the addition of hydrogen chloride: CH == CH + HCl >>>>> CH 2 == CHCl Similar additions with acetic acid, CH3COOH, and with hydrogen cyanide, HCN, yield vinyl acetate. CH3COOH == CH 2 and acrylonitrile CH 2 == CHCN. Both compounds are important in the production of artificial fibers and plastics. Acetylene gas is used in metal cutting and welding because of its high combus...

Acetone have formula CH 3 COCH 3 or in science called as 2-propanone or dimethylketone. Acetone commonly use in a fragrant as a solution, colorless and flammable liquid that boils at 56.2 o C and solidifies at – 34.8 o C. A compound with solvent properties no color and with specific odor, that can make we fill dizzy if inhaled. Aceton is obtained by fermentation of produced synthetically. It is a by product when produce aceto acetic acid. In industry, acetone is an important solvent for cellulose nitrate and cellulose acetate and is also used in the production of explosives material. Small amounts of acetone are present in blood and urine, but some diabetic patients show larger than normal people. Diabetic evacuate this excess in urine (acetonuria) and through their lungs, in metabolic acidosis, pregnancy toxemia and acetonemia of numinants. Aceton can poisoning in companion animals causes narcosis, gastritis, renal and hepatic damage. Acetone is very useful in laboratory f...

Acetic acid have formula CH3COOH is known as acid that use in household as additive agent in cooking recipe and more common says with vinegar. Acetic acid is a weak organic acid and the sour constituent of Vinegar. In industry, acetic acid is produced by the destructive distillation of wood and by the catalytic oxidation of formaldehyde. The pure acid is called glacial acetic acid and is a corrosive, colorless liquid with a pungent smell. It solidity at 16.63 o C. Acetic acid reacts with alcohol to form acetates that are widely used as solvents. Acetic acid also react with cellulose to form cellulose acetate, which is the starting material for rayon industry and other artificial fibers and for photographic film. Vinegar in the market can be vary, there are vinegar for sour agent in cooking and also vinegar for fruit ice such as apple vinegar. Vinegar often used as seasoning on food like meat ball and other cooking. apple vinegar white vinegar Other chemicals: Chromi...

Chemical Hazard Symbol is regulate by government and International standard to indicate the content of any container that transport that material. The regulation of chemical hazard symbol in Indonesia is made by Ministry of Environment and become update if any changes. Some of symbol of chemical hazard is shown on the picture below. Basic Shape, Size, Materials: The length of the lines making the points should be 1/3 of the height of the diamond and the width of the base should be 1/2 the length of the diamond side. Explosives, Hazardous and Toxic Chemicals Flammable Chemicals: There are two kind of these symbol type, Flammable liquid and Flammable Solid. Symbol of Reactive Hazardous Chemicals: Symbol for Toxic Waste: This is symbol that using International standard, every symbol in the plant should follow the regulation of the above size and dimension already stated by regulation. There are small symbol and big symbol of each chemical characteristic alre...

MSDS (Material Safety Data Sheet) Chromic Acid Product Form :    substance Substance name: Chromic Acid Formula:             CrO 3 Synonyms:          chromia / chromium (IV) oxide / chromic trioxide / chromium andydride / chromium oxide, color red / monochromium oxide / red oxide of chromium Application:        use of the substance / mixture as oxidant and as reagent Chemicals Hazards: May cause fire or explosion, strong oxidizer Toxic if swallowed or in contact with skin Causes severe an skin burn and eye damage May cause an allergic skin reaction Fatal if inhaled May cause allergy or asthma symptoms or breathing difficulties if inhaled May cause cancer (inhalation) Suspected of damaging fertility or unborn child Can causes damage to organs (kidneys, liver, respiratory system, skin, eye) through prolonged or repeated...

Chemical Process Definition Chemical process is working activity in laboratory, house hold, industry and in many other activity. All incident in a nature also always exist of chemical process, and this chemical process is going on and on. Whithout our knowing it the chemical process in nature is happened. Many reason why the chemical process is happened, this process can happen by automatically or because any other contact or caused by living thing like microorganism. Chemical process happened because of any chemical reaction there, the reaction can be between chemical or reaction caused by the existing of air in atmosphere. Basically there is a contact between them, or make by something else to contact each others. Microorganism can make it contact each others. Chemical process in industry have purpose to produce something and the process of reaction must be controlled. The reaction process should be in certain place and secure, or even should be recondition the environment i...

Oxidation Reaction of Chromic Acid For laboratoriest sometimes use chromic acid to clean their glassware after use to prepare chemical reaction or other purpose. The basic on how this acid can clean glass ware is their oxidizing agent to the dirt which stick to the glass. The process of this chromic acid reaction as follows: HCrO 4 -     + 3 Fe ++ + 7 H + --->  Cr +++ + 4 H 2 O 2 HCrO 4 -   + 6 I - + 14 H + --->   2 Cr +++ + 3I 2 + 8H 2 O Chromic acid will oxidized aldehydes to acids and to oxidize secondary alcohol and ketones. Chromic acid also in acetic acid solution can oxidize benzoic acid, ethylbenzene to acetophenone, triphenylmethane to triphenylcarbinol, fluorene to flourene, and chrysese to chrysoquinone. Chromic acid can dissolve in acetic andydride and sulfuric acid, oxidizes o-xylene to be tetra acetated of o-phtalaldehyde. Chromic Acid Prepare Chromic Acid as Cleaning Agent The form of chromic acid can b...

Chromic Acid Product Variant Chromic acid include of acid substances, generally refers to a collection of compounds generated by the acidification of solutions containing chromate and dichromate anions or the dissolving of chromium trioxide in sulfuric acid. Often the species are assigned the formulas H 2 CrO 4 and H 2 Cr 2 O 7 . The anhydride of these " chromic acids " is chromium trioxide, also called chromium (VI) oxide; industrially, this compound is sometimes sold as "chromic acid." Chromic acid forms are usually as chromic acid flake or chromic acid powder. Chromic acid flake form usually as technical practice and powder use for analytical purpose.Chromic acid is formed from chromium substance that react with water become chromic acid. Chromic Acid Flake Chromic acid powder Chromic acid is very soluble in water, chromium acid have unlimited solubility in water, the color of this chemicals is red brown in solid state or called as chromic ac...

The Magic of Chemistry Reaction The chemistry of reaction may don't understand by us because it is not like what we see. The principle of burning process of all material are depend on the burning point of each material. When the heat can't reach the burning point of certain material so what we see is not like the actual chemical reaction happening. Chemistry can use as magic show. Every show actually this is not magic but natural if you are a chemist. Using the natural reaction and incident, chemistry can show something to you that magic like. Some example a normal chemistry activity seem like a magic but this condition actually a natural event. Burning Paper or Money. Burning Money Materials: New Dollar bill (higher nominal if your are confidence) Chemical glass (1000 ml) Matches Sodium Salt like Sodium Sulfide (in order the color of flame merge is yellow) Solution of 50% alcohol (95%) and 50% water A combustion reaction occur between alcohol and oxyge...

What is gypsum? Gypsum is usually used for interior design in the house building. Gypsum use to make up the good looking inside the house, because gypsum have smooth surface and look better after grinding with sand paper and then paint with white color. Other paint color may be applied but I still don't see other kind color applied for gypsum. Chemically Gypsum have formula CaSO4, from this formula we can see that gypsum is produced from the reaction of Ca substance with SO4 substance like sulfuric acid. By apply energy on the reaction between Calk and Sulfuric acid can produce Gypsum at the end of the reaction. The real production process my more complicated because involve many parameters on process going. On industry Gypsum can be produced especially to produce Gypsum, but in other plant Gypsum can be a side product like in Power Plant, as Gypsum is the side product on the chimney on purpose of environmental protection. The emission from power plant that much emit SO2 gas c...